Ubuntu61edit

From coLinux

<msonsuz> Someone recommended me Ubuntu as a good distribution. Tried to make this article beginnersfriendly as possible. This is also a placeholder to get back if I forgot how I dit it :) If you can improve please do. If you have questions ask at techdesk100 (at) hotmail (dot) com.

[edit] Extra information

Because I use mingw cygwin colinux qemu etc. I made a folder in my c drive called Linux and which has subfolders for each distribution.

c:\Linux 
- Colinux
- Cygwin
- Distro (the folder with image files for colinux/qemu/distribtion iso's)
- Mingw
- Qemu
...

[edit] Link

TOOLS

explore2fs To be able to copy your files from image in Windows. One way.
unxutils like dd ls
winpcap driver for winpcap

WEBSITES

colinux official site
colinux wiki
development and stable binaries website of henry nestler
colinux mailing list to search for known problems

[edit] Qemu to make an ubuntu-desktop install image

There is no (easy) way to install Ubuntu from a cd image to a file using colinux. So I needed an emulator which had a gui, could use easily without doing to much work and where you could convert the file into colinux image. In the article Converting Distributions there is an example how to convert a qemu image to colinux image. For this reasons I use qemu to make an installation.

PREPARATION

Download Ubuntu 6.10 cd image from Ubuntu and put in Distro folder (C:\Linux\Distro)
Download Qemu from most recent windows port here is official site
Extract qemu zipfile from windows port to c:\Linux\Qemu
Go to the command prompt (Windows XP => Start / Run / CMD)
make an image to install Ubuntu (minimal 2048MB but you need more while installing) in dos by typing (3gb would be 1024*1024*1024*3 + 63*512)

fsutil file createnew c:\Linux\Distro\qemu_ubuntu_3gb 3221257728

make a image for a 512mb swap file in dos by typing (512mb would be 1024*1024*512 + 63*512)

fsutil file createnew c:\Linux\Distro\qemu_swap_512mb 536903168

Open notepad, create next batchfile, change settings like qemu_dir and name of iso file and save it (C:\Linux\Qemu\start_installation.bat)

@ECHO OFF

set qemu_dir=C:\Linux\Distro
set hd=%qemu_dir%\qemu_ubuntu_3gb
set swap=%qemu_dir%\qemu_swap_512mb
set cdrom=%qemu_dir%\DIST-Ubuntu-6.10.iso
set mem=256

qemu -hda %hd% -hdb %swap% -cdrom %cdrom% -m %mem% -boot d -L .
pause

start up start_installation.bat and install Ubuntu with the second drive a swap drive

INSTALLATION

Here are some hints what to choose in the setup. Setup is really straightforward so it should give you not much trouble.

When the desktop appears doublepress Install icon.
Screen: Welcome

choose your language press next

Screen: Where are you?

choose your timezone

Screen: Keyboard Layout

choose your keyboard (default U.S. English U.S. English)

Screen: Who are you?

fill in your info

Screen: Select a disk

select manually edit partition table

Screen: Prepare partitions

create new partitions
choose /dev/hda
	choose Create as: primary partition
	choose Filesystem: ext3
choose /dev/hdb

choose "Create as:" primary partition choose "Filesystem:" linux-swap

Screen: Prepare mount points

Should say something like
Mount Point	size	Partition					Reformat
swap		510mb	Partition 1 Disc IDE/ATA 2 (Primary) [hdb1]	v
/		3GB	Partition 1 Disc IDE/ATA 1 (Primary) [hda1]	v

Screen: Ready to install

press install

CONVERTING TO COLINUX

I found this on one of the wikipages.

download and install unxutils I found a link here
go to the command prompt (Windows XP => Start / Run / CMD)
go to your distro folder

cd \Linux\Distro

convert qemu ubuntu image to colinux image

dd if=qemu_ubuntu_3gb of=ubuntu_3gb.img bs=512 skip=63

you only need the file ubuntu_3gb.img the other 2 files (qemu_swap_512mb and qemu_ubuntu_3gb) can be removed (you could also save it for temp backup)

[edit] install colinux and make image bootable

TO KNOW

I use an extra image disk which I use between different distributions as a second disk.

At the moment I use version 0.8.0 with kernel 2.6.17 and has Kernel with hotplug enabled (for udev). Before you start please check if there is a newer version of the colinux kernel at the testing folder of henry nestler.

There are 2 types of network connections: TAP connection and a bridged connection(WinPCap). I normally use TAP with Fedora, but Ubuntu did not recognize the TAP. So in this case I will show usage of TAP and winPCap. For more information look at Network

TAP driver creates an TAPconnection with an icon in Networkconnections. When you setup you networkcard using TAP connection goes through this TAP. This means you can only reach this connection from the host PC and not from another one. If you want to connect the internet using colinux you just make a shared connection from you internet connection (wlan or lan card) to the TAPconnection.

Bridged connection is a shared connection with the network card (lan or wlan). The colinux machine is visible from outside the host PC. Colinux will also have another IP adress as the host PC. It is like two machines using the same card are connection to the internet. Both machines will ask for an IP adress and for example the router will give both a different IP.

INSTALLATION AND PREPARATION

When you have downloaded the newest version of colinux start installing it. I use normally the options Native Windows Linux Console, colinux Virtual Ethernet Driver (TAP-Win32) and colinux Bridged Ethernet (WinPCap). If you want to use WinPCap please install the winPcap driver. When asked for a folder I use C:\Linux\Colinux.

Create an extra image 1gb file by using the following command in the dosprompt (windows XP):

fsutil file createnew c:\Linux\Distro\ext3_disk_1gb.img 1073741824

Create a swap image 512 mb because I will use 256 mb memory by using the following command in the dosprompt (windows XP):

fsutil file createnew c:\Linux\Distro\swap_512mb 536870912

Use noexecute to set the correct options. IF NOT DONE CORRECT PC WILL HANG AND YOU HAVE TO RESTART.
Go to Control Panel=>Network connections
Rename the LAN connection to LAN and the TAP connection to TAP.
right click on LAN connection and press properties
go to tab advanced, enable Allow other users to connect through this computer's internet connection and choose if applicable TAP
give the TAP connection a static IP 10.0.0.10 and subnetmask 255.255.255.0
Create a colinux.conf file in the Distro folder for example C:\Linux\Distro\ubuntu-desktop_6_10.conf:

############################################
# MAKE SURE THERE IS AN EXTRA LINE AT THE END
# OF THE BATCH FILE
#
# initrd should only be used at first start
# to install kernel modules for example when
# you upgrade your colinux
############################################

############################################
# DEFAULT
############################################
# set your runlevel to text-only mode or graphical mode
# root=/dev/hda1 fastboot 1 (single-user mode)
# root=/dev/hda1 fastboot 3 (text-only mode)
# root=/dev/hda1 fastboot 5 (graphic mode)
############################################

kernel=vmlinux
initrd=initrd.gz
mem=256
root=/dev/hda1 fastboot 5

############################################
# Drives
############################################
#cobd0=C:\Linux\Distro\image
#hda1=:cobd0
############################################

hda1=\DosDevices\C:\Linux\Distro\ubuntu_3gb.img
hda2=\DosDevices\C:\Linux\Distro\ext3_disk_1gb.img
hdb1=\DosDevices\C:\Linux\Distro\swap_512mb

############################################
# Ethernet
############################################
#eth0=slirp,00:ff:00:00:00:00
#eth0=pcap-bridge,"LAN", 00:ff:00:00:00:00
#eth0=tuntap,TAP,00:ff:00:00:00:00
############################################

eth0=tuntap,"TAP",00:ff:00:00:00:00
eth1=pcap-bridge,"LAN",00:ff:00:00:00:01
# please leave this as last line. Otherwise last of macadress goes as input for boot

Create a batch file in the colinux folder for example C:\Linux\Colinux\start_ubuntu-desktop.bat:

@echo off
colinux-daemon.exe --install-driver
colinux-daemon.exe @"c:\Linux\Distro\ubuntu-desktop_6_10.conf" -t nt
colinux-daemon.exe --remove-driver
pause

start the batchfile start_ubuntu-desktop.bat so colinux starts(If it does not start it will give an error message. Maybe you typed something wrong).
Xwindows will crash when starting up but you can ignore that and continue in runlevel 3. (at #XDMCP this problem wil be solved)
login with your username and pass for head user which you used before in setup Screen: Who are you?
if you want to login with root you can make a password for root. Otherwise when using sudo give the same password as the head user.

sudo passwd

make swap file system

sudo mkswap /dev/hdb1

add swap to Ubuntu (also done in fstab)

sudo swapon /dev/hdb1

make sure that swap is added using free

sudo free

or using swapon

sudo swapon -s

format extra image to ext3

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hda2

edit /etc/fstab

# this is what I changed mine fstab to
proc 		/proc	proc 	defaults 	0 	0
/dev/hda1 	/ 	ext3 	defaults 	1 	1
/dev/hda2 	/mnt 	ext3 	defaults 	1 	1
/dev/hdb1 	swap 	swap 	defaults 		0 	0

NETWORKING

setup interfaces

edit /etc/network/interfaces

# File: /etc/network/interfaces
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auth eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.0.0.100
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 10.0.0.10

auth eth1
iface eth1 inet dhcp

auth eth2
iface eth2 inet dhcp

auth ath0
iface ath0 inet dhcp

auth wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp

to know your ip-adress use the following command

ifconfig

DNS

DNS Updates automatically (DHCP). But if you want to set it manually:

to use a dns server edit /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 111.111.111.111

UPDATE WITH APT-GET When I first tried to install things like openssh-server it said it could not find it. But after running this command everything worked fine.

sudo apt-get update

To get the newest updates us the following command

sudo apt-get upgrade

SSH TO UBUNTU-DESKTOP

install an ssh server (don't forget to update apt-get before using following command)

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

now you can ssh your ubuntu-desktop using the IP-adress from eth1

[edit] compress image file smallest possible

Ok after you've done all this you could start to make a rar file so you can if you do something wrong just unpack the rar file and you start all over. (found at the mail list). It can become big because the empty space is not really zero so your compressor makes the file big. What you do is you make a file which has null characters that is as big as the empty space and remove the file

start with another image file and set the image you want to compress in the xml conf file in this example hda2
mount the image into /mnt

mount /mnt /dev/hda2

remove colinux modules

rm -rf /mnt/lib/modules/*-co-*

remove wtmp

rm -f /mnt/var/log/wtmp

remove all from tmp

rm -rf /mnt/tmp/*

clean apt get

chroot /mnt
sudo apt-get clean
exit

or clean yum

chroot /mnt
yum clean all
exit

get the number of available space in mb

chroot /mnt
df -m
 #Filesystem	1M-blocks	Used	Available	Use%	Mounted on
 #/dev/hda2	1984		750	1132M		40%	/mnt
exit

make a file filled with zero which is almost as big as the empty space in hda2. For count do the available size of hda2 minus 2

dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/foobar bs=1M count=1130

remove the zero file

rm /mnt/foobar

clean /mnt/root/.bash_history
Unmount the image from /mnt

umount /mnt

change mountcount etc

tune2fs -c 0 /dev/hda2
tune2fs -T 20070101 /dev/hda2

If you compress it now, it will become much smaller.

[edit] XDMCP

As you already know x-windows starts crashing every time you start ubuntu-desktop. This problem we will solve here by disabling the opening of a local window. For the XDMCP client I use XMING and for Desktop Environment I use KDE. (but you can use your own like winx-32 x-deep32 and GNOME).

edit in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf to disable opening local display and enabling xdmcp

before

[xdmcp]
Enable=false
[servers]
0=Standard

after

[xdmcp]
Enable=true
[servers]
#0=Standard

edit in /etc/gdm/gdm.conf if you want to be able to login as root